Horizontal+Circulation

= 1. What does the design of horizontal circulation determine? = = The design of Horizontal circulation frequently determines the basic shapes and character of an entire structure. =

= 2. What are the four practical requirements of any horizontal circulation system mentioned in the lecture? =

= The first practical requirements of any circulation system is that it be adequate in size = = The second requirement in circulation design is that of directness. A good circulation plan should work well in either direction. = = The third requirement in circulation design is that points of convergention traffic must be expressed. This is very important in the design of facilities for rapid exits = = The fourth requirement for circulation design is that changes in level must be clearly expressed. =

= 3. What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns? = = = = Centrosoyus Building in Moscow, Palais de Justice in Paris and Pennsylvania Station in New York City. =



= = = = =4. Why is the concept of Horizontal Circulation important in any urban plan or architectural design? = = =

= = =Circulation should give the impression that they lead to some definite place. The easiest type of progression is in a straight line, a focal point can serve as a direction changing on the circulation by showing to the person that the circulation ends there or that he has to take a change in direction. The architect can make a structure convenient, clare and practical or tortuous, confuse and inefficient. = = = =Circulations have an aesthetic value as well as a functional one. The architect should establish the relations between the parts and the hole and between the circulation pattern itself and the general sense of the entire structure. =